Dr Athina Markantoni, Research Associate at ELIAMEP, Policy Advisor, and Lead Researcher of the “DIGIT-EU” project of the Jean Monnet Chair at the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, together with Dr Irene Mamakou, and Dr Antonios D. Kargas co-authored the article entitled “Leveraging AI in Diplomacy: Enhancing Foreign Policy, National Interest and Digital Diplomacy,” published as part of the 33rd European Regional ITS Conference 2025 under the theme “Digital Innovation and Transformation in Uncertain Times.”
The article explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence in contemporary diplomacy and examines how AI tools can strengthen foreign policy-making, public diplomacy, and the promotion of national interests. Drawing on a combination of literature review and primary research conducted with diplomats, the authors investigate perceptions regarding the adoption of AI in diplomatic practice, the main barriers and enabling factors for its integration, as well as the training and institutional support required for the effective and responsible use of AI in international politics and diplomacy.
You can view an abstract of the article herewith:
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of diplomacy, fundamentally altering how states conduct foreign relations, public engagement, and policy decision-making. This article investigates the integration of AI into diplomatic practices at operational, tactical, and strategic levels, with a focus on how AI can enhance administrative efficiency, support public diplomacy, and enhance foreign policy. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines an extensive literature review with original survey data from 39 diplomats to address three core research questions: diplomats’ perceptions of AI integration, the main barriers and facilitators to AI adoption, and the training needs required for effective AI use. The findings reveal that while diplomats demonstrate strong foundational digital skills and are increasingly adopting AI tools for communication and information management, the uptake of advanced applications such as predictive analytics and cybersecurity remains limited. Key barriers include insufficient training, resource constraints, and ethical and legal concerns, while facilitators involve the perceived benefits of AI for efficiency and strategic engagement. The study highlights a substantial demand for targeted training and institutional support to bridge existing gaps. Ultimately, the research underscores that successful and responsible AI adoption in diplomacy requires ongoing investment in digital competencies, robust governance frameworks, and the development of ethical standards, ensuring that technological advancements translate into more effective, adaptive, and transparent diplomatic practice.
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