The Western Balkans and Europeʼs Defence Readiness: An Industrial Perspective

The policy brief authored by Dr. Ana Krstinovska “The Western Balkans and Europe’s Defence Readiness: An Industrial Perspective” is an expansion of the finding of the thematic report “Europe’s Overlooked Allies: Why the Western Balkans Matter for EU Defence Readiness” and part of ELIAMEP’s initiative think nea – New Narratives of EU Integration which is supported by the Open Society Foundations – Western Balkans.

As Europe faces an increasingly complex security environment marked by the war in Ukraine, renewed great-power competition, and growing concerns over defence industrial capacity, this brief examines the often-overlooked role of the Western Balkans in strengthening Europe’s defence readiness. Adopting an industrial perspective, the analysis highlights the region’s manufacturing capabilities, cost advantages, and strategic location, positioning it as a potential contributor to the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base.

The brief explores the defence-industrial capacities of Western Balkan countries, their alignment with key EU defence priorities—such as ammunition production, drones, and supply-chain resilience—and the strategic benefits of closer integration. It also identifies persistent barriers, including institutional exclusion from EU defence instruments, governance challenges, and political constraints that hinder deeper cooperation.

Drawing on these findings, the paper argues that defence industrial cooperation can serve as both a security multiplier and a credibility-enhancing tool for EU enlargement. It concludes with concrete policy recommendations aimed at integrating Western Balkan defence industries into EU frameworks, improving regulatory alignment, fostering public–private partnerships, and strengthening strategic communication. In doing so, the brief reframes enlargement as a mutually beneficial, capability-building process essential to Europe’s long-term strategic autonomy.

You can read the policy brief here.

The South-East Europe Programme of ELIAMEP is a member of the IGNITA network, led by Open Society Foundations – Western Balkans.