Ioannis N. Grigoriadis describes the authoritarian transformation of the Ottoman Empire under Abdul Hamid II.

Click to listen, in Greek.

 

Publication: 15/07/2025 SKAI 100.3
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Understanding European History: “Hamid’s World” — Deep State and Modernization
Ioannis N. Grigoriadis Senior Research Fellow, Head, Turkey Programme; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies