Alekos Kritikos writes about the future of the European Union and the role of enhanced cooperation in the light of the draft conclusions published by the European Council. He examines its proposals regarding economic integration, defense and common borrowing, noting that recent geopolitical developments call for bolder and more adaptive decisions. He also raises a crucial question: will Europe evolve into a cohesive “onion”, or end up a fragmented “garlic” shaped by piecemeal initiatives and multiple centres of cooperation.

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Publication: 17/03/2026 KReport
Experts
The EU of enhanced cooperation: “onion” or “garlic”?
Alekos Kritikos Senior Policy Advisor; Former senior official, European Commission; former Secretary General, Ministry of the Interior