This paper will concentrate mainly on the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Jordan Rivers and groundwater. The following countries are connected to the drainage basins of these rivers: Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia with the Nile (omitted are Kenya, Uganda, and Zaire, which have a common drainage basin in the White Nile); Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, with the Euphrates and Tigris; Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinians, Syria, and Jordan, which are partners to the Jordan and Yarmukh. Israel and the Palestinians or Israel and Jordan, which are partners to the groundwater aquifers.