In the paper Janis A. Emmanouilidis, Stavros Costopoulos Research Fellow at ELIAMEP, argues that the European Union requires more different speeds if an EU 27+ wants to remain effective. The increasing economic, financial, social and geopolitical heterogeneity among EU countries, diverging political objectives and expectations concerning the future path of integration, and the need to respond to the pressure from third countries aiming to join the European club while enlargement fatigue is widespread call for a higher degree of differentiation. The question is not whether there will be a differentiated Europe, but how it will or rather how it should look like.

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